Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Prevotella copri alleviates diarrhea in weaning piglets through gut microbiota modulation and arachidonic acid–AHR–NRF2 pathway activation

doi: 10.1186/s40104-025-01273-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of P. copri gavage on growth performance, diarrhea phenotype, intestinal morphology, serum biochemical parameters, and colonic inflammation in weaned piglets with stress-induced diarrhea. a Schematic diagram of animal trial. b Diarrhea rate of the weaned piglets throughout the experimental period. n = 10, each with 2 replicates. c Body weight of the weaned piglets at d 1, 14, and 28 of the experiment. n = 10, each with 2 replicates. d Morphology of the duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosa in weaned piglets (PAS staining). e Morphometric parameters related to duodenal villus structure in the two groups. n = 8, each with 2 replicates. f Duodenal, jejunal and ileal villus length/crypt depth ratio in the two groups. n = 8, each with 2 replicates. g Level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the serum of the weaned piglets. n = 8, each with 2 replicates. h Concentration of serum I-FABP in weaned piglets. n = 8, each with 2 replicates. i Serum T-AOC and CAT enzymatic activities in weaned piglets. n = 8, each with 2 replicates. j Relative expression of immune-related genes in the colon. n = 8, each with 2 replicates. All results are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed using a t -test, with significance levels indicated as follows: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: The reference strain of Prevotella copri ( P. copri DSMZ 18205, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, China) was purchased in powder form.

Techniques: Staining, Concentration Assay, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Prevotella copri alleviates diarrhea in weaning piglets through gut microbiota modulation and arachidonic acid–AHR–NRF2 pathway activation

doi: 10.1186/s40104-025-01273-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microbial ecological networks in the colonic digesta of weaned piglets from the two groups. a and b Visualization of microbial ecological co-occurrence networks in colonic digesta from the CON and P. copri groups. Each node represents an operational taxonomic unit (OTU), and different colors indicate distinct modules. Networks were visualized using Gephi. Pink edges represent positive correlations, while gray edges represent negative correlations between OTUs. c Comparison of key topological properties of the networks between groups. **** P < 0.0001. d Node classification in the CON group network to identify potential keystone OTUs. Each symbol represents an OTU. Nodes with Zi > 2.5 and Pi > 0.62 are defined as network hubs; Zi > 2.5 and Pi ≤ 0.62 as module hubs; Zi ≤ 2.5 and Pi > 0.62 as connectors; and Zi ≤ 2.5 and Pi ≤ 0.62 as peripherals. e Robustness analysis of networks based on random removal of hub nodes. The proportion of remaining nodes reflects network robustness

Article Snippet: The reference strain of Prevotella copri ( P. copri DSMZ 18205, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, China) was purchased in powder form.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Prevotella copri alleviates diarrhea in weaning piglets through gut microbiota modulation and arachidonic acid–AHR–NRF2 pathway activation

doi: 10.1186/s40104-025-01273-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Non-targeted metabolomic profiling of colonic digesta in weaned piglets from the two groups. a Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of metabolites in colonic digesta. CON: piglets gavaged with blank culture medium; Pc: piglets gavaged with P. copri culture medium. Pos: positive ion mode; Neg: negative ion mode. R 2 X represents the explained variance in predictor variables; R 2 Y represents the explained variance in response variables; Q 2 Y indicates model predictability. b Volcano plots of metabolite differences between groups. Metabolites with fold change > 1.5 and P < 0.05 are shown in magenta; those with fold change < 0.67 and P < 0.05 are shown in blue; non-significant metabolites are shown in black. c Significantly altered metabolites were identified by combining multivariate analysis (Variable Importance in Projection, VIP > 1) with univariate statistical testing ( P < 0.05). d Correlation network between differential metabolites and phenotypic traits based on Spearman correlation ( P < 0.05 and |correlation coefficient| > 0.5). Positive correlations are shown as green solid lines, and negative correlations as purple dashed lines. e Top 25 enriched KEGG pathways in group Pc compared to the CON group, based on differential metabolites. The node size indicates the enrichment ratio, calculated as Hits/Expected (where Hits = number of observed hits, Expected = number of expected hits)

Article Snippet: The reference strain of Prevotella copri ( P. copri DSMZ 18205, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, China) was purchased in powder form.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Prevotella copri alleviates diarrhea in weaning piglets through gut microbiota modulation and arachidonic acid–AHR–NRF2 pathway activation

doi: 10.1186/s40104-025-01273-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of P. copri metabolites on TNF-α-induced intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. a Schematic diagram of experimental design. b Relative expression of intestinal barrier-related genes in each group. c Relative expression of inflammation-related genes in each group. d Concentration of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related proteins detected by ELISA. e Representative flow cytometry profiles of different groups. Each plot is divided into four quadrants: UL, necrotic cells; UR, cells in the late stage of apoptosis; LR, cells in the early stage of apoptosis; LL, normal cells. f The early-stage, late-stage and total apoptosis rate (early + late) of Caco-2 cells in different groups. g Relative expression levels of AHR–Nrf2 signaling pathway-related genes in each group. CON: Caco-2 cells treated with PBS for 26 h, n = 6; TNF-α: Caco-2 cells treated with PBS for 2 h, then treated with 150 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h, n = 6; Pc: Caco-2 cells treated with 1 × extracted metabolites of P. copri for 2 h, then treated with PBS for 24 h, n = 6; Pc + TNF-α: Caco-2 cells treated with 1 × extracted metabolites of P. copri for 2 h, then treated with 150 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h, n = 6. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed by two-way ANOVA for the main effects of Pc (administration of P. copri metabolites), T (TNF-α challenge), and their interaction ( Pc&T ). Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test was used to determine significant differences among multiple groups. a–d Different letters indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. All results were obtained from three independent experiments

Article Snippet: The reference strain of Prevotella copri ( P. copri DSMZ 18205, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, China) was purchased in powder form.

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry